Compartment Syndrome is a condition in which increased pressure within a muscle compartment causes a decrease in blood supply to the affected muscles. The so-called compartments are groups of muscles surrounded by inelastic fascia and thus any swelling of muscles leaves no room for expansion and blood supply is progressively cut-off. What the athlete experiences is pain that begins during activity, progressively worsens, and then ceases during rest. This is distinct from the pain of other overuse injuries. The pain associated with tendonitis usually begins as soon as exercise is started, lessens with continued exercise — as the muscles and tendons warm-up — and then returns after exercise is stopped. Conservative treatment consists of myofascial massage, acupuncture, stretching exercises and custom orthotics to correct any biomechanical anomalies. If this fails surgery is very effective.